Everything about Strain Materials Science totally explained
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour,
strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of
stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape.
If strain is equal over all parts of a body, it's referred to as
homogeneous strain; otherwise, it's
inhomogeneous strain. In its most general form, the strain is a
symmetric tensor.
Quantifying strain
Given that strain results in the deformation of a body, it can be measured by calculating the change in length of a line or by the change in
angle between two lines (where these lines are theoretical constructs within the deformed body). The change in length of a line is termed the
stretch, absolute strain, or extension, and may be written as
. Then the (relative) strain,
, is given by
» . This stress term can be temporarily removed from the analysis to leave only the in-plane terms, effectively reducing the 3-D problem to a much simpler 2-D problem.
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